In the past the term globalization has in some way to do with the theory of Emanuel Wallenstein , which stated that all the information , businesses , technologies emerge from the core which is represented by the developed countries to be sent to the semi-peripheries and peripheries represented by emerging and poor countries . However, nowadays businesses jump in both directions. In fact, the flow of economies and businesses shift from south to north, north to south, south to south, and north to north. In general, the doctrine of business is « competing with everyone from everywhere for everything ». The effect of this Globality is represented in the raise of new companies from emerging countries such as Russia or Brazil. In fact, Mark Spellman stated that in ten years emerging markets companies will repents n one third of the Fortune list. For example the most popular beer in America which
Budweiser was bought by Belgian-Brazilian conglomerate. The growth of these developing economies has allowed the shift of power from un to a more balanced system where the importance of the south counts a lot.
However, emerging economies are facing some challenges that may slow the increase of their economic power due to the increase of oil and food prices.
The age of Globality is seen as a flourishing gas as some optimistic people may say. Companies are taking more and more advantages from this process .nevertheless, within this free market economy where industrial and emerging g economies are benefiting, a protectionist umbrella is created in order to face any shift in power and unbalanced of power. this protectionism is a way that some countries such as the USA has undergone in order to save their local job market to sum up , this process of Globality has allowed some emerging countries to have an impact on western industries which has raise some fear but at the same time is benefiting to both sides .
Thursday, September 25, 2008
Thursday, September 18, 2008
assignement 1
In fact, pure system does exits; however , some exceptions can be made for some models. The authoritarian model tends to be a dictatorial model where media serve the interest of the ruled party. Propaganda and other tools are used for the praise of the ruler. The media system is controlled by the person in power. Censorship and control of the media is a habit within the authoritarian model. We may cover this model with a false libertarian model by giving the impression that the regime allowed some liberties. In fact, even these liberties are controlled but from far away. In addition, despite the fact that there is a degree of freedom people would never explore this freedom since they would be afraid from repercussion on what they may say or do. For example, Tunisia is a police state where liberties are secretly taking from people but publicly encouraged by the government. Consequently, some may argue that the balance between a degree of freedom and a degree of authoritarianism cannot cohabitate.
The cohabitation between authoritarianism and developmental model cannot exist. In fact, a dictatorship tends to limit the knowledge of the people in order to rule. While acquiring more and more knowledge people would realize that they have the right to claim their civil rights; therefore, a revolution might happened. That is why dictator or superior power tries to keep undeveloped people undeveloped. In the case of morocco, it is totally different. The monarchy indeed is not a dictator regime as some may claim; in fact it serves and seeks for the development of the people. The role of the monarchy in morocco is very important since the stability of the country lays on it. If the military coup of 1971 and 1972 were successful, authoritarianism and development model could not cohabitate. In fact, the authoritarian models would be the dominant one. Concerning the control of media, during these last few years a huge and tremendous development of the Moroccan media has gain a more and more freedom. Unlike some countries such as UAE or Qatar, or even Syria media in morocco can deal with the king activities, criticize what happened in morocco from an academic and analytic point of view.
The cohabitation between libertarianism and developmental models is an important one. In fact, the two models can cohabitate and interact with each other. The two models are in some how interdependent. The libertarianism encourage the free flow of information which allow the increase of more knowledge more information and hence more development. the development model can be consider as a medicine that correct the mistakes of the libertarianism model while dealing with some important issues such poverty , drugs , diseases. In the case of morocco the development model is very important since this country is in need day per day of facing many challenges and dealing with many socio-economic problems
The cohabitation between authoritarianism and developmental model cannot exist. In fact, a dictatorship tends to limit the knowledge of the people in order to rule. While acquiring more and more knowledge people would realize that they have the right to claim their civil rights; therefore, a revolution might happened. That is why dictator or superior power tries to keep undeveloped people undeveloped. In the case of morocco, it is totally different. The monarchy indeed is not a dictator regime as some may claim; in fact it serves and seeks for the development of the people. The role of the monarchy in morocco is very important since the stability of the country lays on it. If the military coup of 1971 and 1972 were successful, authoritarianism and development model could not cohabitate. In fact, the authoritarian models would be the dominant one. Concerning the control of media, during these last few years a huge and tremendous development of the Moroccan media has gain a more and more freedom. Unlike some countries such as UAE or Qatar, or even Syria media in morocco can deal with the king activities, criticize what happened in morocco from an academic and analytic point of view.
The cohabitation between libertarianism and developmental models is an important one. In fact, the two models can cohabitate and interact with each other. The two models are in some how interdependent. The libertarianism encourage the free flow of information which allow the increase of more knowledge more information and hence more development. the development model can be consider as a medicine that correct the mistakes of the libertarianism model while dealing with some important issues such poverty , drugs , diseases. In the case of morocco the development model is very important since this country is in need day per day of facing many challenges and dealing with many socio-economic problems
Wednesday, September 3, 2008
GLOBAL ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Qaiss Aakif
Com 2303
Dr. Ibahrine
Chapter 3
GLOBAL ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
I. PREMODERN WOLRD
a. The world was very different from today in the 13th century.
b. Foreign product were rare.
c. Few people had access to them.
d. Foreign product were mainly made of exotic products.
e. These products were easy to transport.
f. Everyday goods were made by local people.
II. DIVISION OF LABOR
a. The modern world is distinguished by the use of the division lf labor in the production process.
b. Instead of one groups are working together within a factory.
c. The division of labor creates interdependencies.
d. Interdependencies required coordination and control in order to keep the production going smoothly.
e. Division of labor is a devil’s bargain.
f. It increases the production via specialization, but creates many problems of coordination and control.
g. Henry Ford’s automobile factory is a good illustration of this division of labor.
III. IMPERIALISM
a. In the 13th century the world was multipolar gathering multiple center of power.
b. Decentralization trade circuit.
c. The picture change with the emergence of Portuguese and Spanish empires in the 14th and 15th centuries.
d. The western powers transformed the multipolar world into a monopole one.
e. The development of technologies in the western world gave them technologically superior weapons.
f. One of the reasons the imperial powers were interested in acquiring colonies was to gain access to raw materials for their growing industries.
g. These industries were in need of cotton, rubber, jute, indigo.
IV. ELECTRONIC IMPERIALISM
a. Global Media Flows
i. After World War II the age of imperialism came to its end as colonies were getting their independence.
ii. The center of the world moves across the Atlantic to the USA.
iii. The USA projects its power through economy and cultural means.
iv. Scholars argue that the global political structures created during the age of imperialism remain in place.
v. Even though the days of the gunboat diplomacy has gone.
vi. The USA dominates the cinema and the television screen all over the World.
vii. Some countries are more concerned about his cultural influence of films.
viii. Developing countries considerer the import of US movies as a new kind of invasion.
ix. When we look to global communication flows, it is obvious to see that they are disproportionately from the center (USA) and the peripheries (rest of the world).
b. Transborder Data Flow
i. Services changed a little because they required an intense amount if interaction between the service provider and the consumer.
ii. Modern communication and information technologies have radically changed many things.
iii. The trade in services assumes a great importance in global economy.
iv. As global division of labor has progressed, manufacturing jobs have moved overseer from the USA to developing countries.
V. EMERGING NETWORK STRUCTURES
a. The coat of programs production and transmission make television a top-down mode.
b. TVs were amenable to centralized control.
c. Emergence of new transmission systems.
d. Internet looks like a democratic medium because nobody seems to control it.
e. Nevertheless rich countries with 16 % of the world population is in possess of 97% of all Internet hosts.
f. Network investment pattern suggest that in the future we will see the emergence of regional networks and Europe and Asia.
VI. TOWARD A NEW WOLRD SYSTEM
a. There has been center and peripheries through history.
b. The specific places that played roles of center and periphery have varied over time.
c. From colonial era to World War II and after the center moved a cross the Atlantic to reach the USA.
d. Nowadays the center of global communication in mainly the USA.
Com 2303
Dr. Ibahrine
Chapter 3
GLOBAL ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
I. PREMODERN WOLRD
a. The world was very different from today in the 13th century.
b. Foreign product were rare.
c. Few people had access to them.
d. Foreign product were mainly made of exotic products.
e. These products were easy to transport.
f. Everyday goods were made by local people.
II. DIVISION OF LABOR
a. The modern world is distinguished by the use of the division lf labor in the production process.
b. Instead of one groups are working together within a factory.
c. The division of labor creates interdependencies.
d. Interdependencies required coordination and control in order to keep the production going smoothly.
e. Division of labor is a devil’s bargain.
f. It increases the production via specialization, but creates many problems of coordination and control.
g. Henry Ford’s automobile factory is a good illustration of this division of labor.
III. IMPERIALISM
a. In the 13th century the world was multipolar gathering multiple center of power.
b. Decentralization trade circuit.
c. The picture change with the emergence of Portuguese and Spanish empires in the 14th and 15th centuries.
d. The western powers transformed the multipolar world into a monopole one.
e. The development of technologies in the western world gave them technologically superior weapons.
f. One of the reasons the imperial powers were interested in acquiring colonies was to gain access to raw materials for their growing industries.
g. These industries were in need of cotton, rubber, jute, indigo.
IV. ELECTRONIC IMPERIALISM
a. Global Media Flows
i. After World War II the age of imperialism came to its end as colonies were getting their independence.
ii. The center of the world moves across the Atlantic to the USA.
iii. The USA projects its power through economy and cultural means.
iv. Scholars argue that the global political structures created during the age of imperialism remain in place.
v. Even though the days of the gunboat diplomacy has gone.
vi. The USA dominates the cinema and the television screen all over the World.
vii. Some countries are more concerned about his cultural influence of films.
viii. Developing countries considerer the import of US movies as a new kind of invasion.
ix. When we look to global communication flows, it is obvious to see that they are disproportionately from the center (USA) and the peripheries (rest of the world).
b. Transborder Data Flow
i. Services changed a little because they required an intense amount if interaction between the service provider and the consumer.
ii. Modern communication and information technologies have radically changed many things.
iii. The trade in services assumes a great importance in global economy.
iv. As global division of labor has progressed, manufacturing jobs have moved overseer from the USA to developing countries.
V. EMERGING NETWORK STRUCTURES
a. The coat of programs production and transmission make television a top-down mode.
b. TVs were amenable to centralized control.
c. Emergence of new transmission systems.
d. Internet looks like a democratic medium because nobody seems to control it.
e. Nevertheless rich countries with 16 % of the world population is in possess of 97% of all Internet hosts.
f. Network investment pattern suggest that in the future we will see the emergence of regional networks and Europe and Asia.
VI. TOWARD A NEW WOLRD SYSTEM
a. There has been center and peripheries through history.
b. The specific places that played roles of center and periphery have varied over time.
c. From colonial era to World War II and after the center moved a cross the Atlantic to reach the USA.
d. Nowadays the center of global communication in mainly the USA.
DRAWING A BEAD ON GLOBAL COMMUNICATION THEORIES
Qaiss Aakif
Com 2303
Dr. Ibahrine
Chapter 2
DRAWING A BEAD ON GLOBAL COMMUNICATION THEORIES
I. “ NORMATIVE ” THEORIES
a. The book entitled Four Theories of the Press , by Siebert, Peterson , and Schramm in 1956, was an attempts to think about media internationally
b. Te authors set out to create what is sometimes called taxonomy
c. Taxonomy means dividing up all the various versions and aspects of a topic into systematic categories and sometimes subcategories
d. The authors’ taxonomy was that the world’s various media system could be divided into four categories : authoritarian , Soviet , liberal , and social responsibility
e. The Authoritarian meant dictatorial, the liberal meant not “ left-wing”; social responsibility meant a different order of reality gain
II. A DIFFERENT APPROACH I: COMPARING AND CONTRASTING MEDIA
a. Understand media internationally through the example of the Russian media system
b. Soviet media had a strong overlap with media under other dictatorships and with so-called development media
c. Those who live in economically advanced and politically stable countries are far from understanding how media work on much of the rest of the planet
d. Globally, issues such as poverty, economic crisis, political instability, turbulent insurgent movements are the central context of media.
e. How to understand the relation of mainstream media a through the Russian example
i. Political Power : the relationship between political power and Communist media always seemed a “no-brainer”. Communist media were seen as simple mirror-opposite of media in the West.
ii. Economic crisis: economic crisis was a daily experience for the majority Russian
iii. Dramatic social Transition
iv. Small scale alternative media
III. A DIFFERENT APPROACH II ; GLOBALIZATION AND MEDIA
a. The term globalization is often used widely and loosely
b. For some writers globalization means Americanization
c. For other such as Herbert Schiller globalization is a form of dominance of multinational corporations, which diversify their priorities depending on the challenges of the global market.
IV. A DIFFERENT APPROACH III : SMALL-SCALE AND ALTERNATIVE MEDIA
a. The term samizdat media in the section on Soviet Russia refers to the hand circulated pamphlets, poems, essays, plays, etc…
b. Samizdat contained widely varied messages from religious to nationalists.
c. Samizdat literally means “self-published”
d. Small scale radical media have been common ion many coutries such as the USA
Com 2303
Dr. Ibahrine
Chapter 2
DRAWING A BEAD ON GLOBAL COMMUNICATION THEORIES
I. “ NORMATIVE ” THEORIES
a. The book entitled Four Theories of the Press , by Siebert, Peterson , and Schramm in 1956, was an attempts to think about media internationally
b. Te authors set out to create what is sometimes called taxonomy
c. Taxonomy means dividing up all the various versions and aspects of a topic into systematic categories and sometimes subcategories
d. The authors’ taxonomy was that the world’s various media system could be divided into four categories : authoritarian , Soviet , liberal , and social responsibility
e. The Authoritarian meant dictatorial, the liberal meant not “ left-wing”; social responsibility meant a different order of reality gain
II. A DIFFERENT APPROACH I: COMPARING AND CONTRASTING MEDIA
a. Understand media internationally through the example of the Russian media system
b. Soviet media had a strong overlap with media under other dictatorships and with so-called development media
c. Those who live in economically advanced and politically stable countries are far from understanding how media work on much of the rest of the planet
d. Globally, issues such as poverty, economic crisis, political instability, turbulent insurgent movements are the central context of media.
e. How to understand the relation of mainstream media a through the Russian example
i. Political Power : the relationship between political power and Communist media always seemed a “no-brainer”. Communist media were seen as simple mirror-opposite of media in the West.
ii. Economic crisis: economic crisis was a daily experience for the majority Russian
iii. Dramatic social Transition
iv. Small scale alternative media
III. A DIFFERENT APPROACH II ; GLOBALIZATION AND MEDIA
a. The term globalization is often used widely and loosely
b. For some writers globalization means Americanization
c. For other such as Herbert Schiller globalization is a form of dominance of multinational corporations, which diversify their priorities depending on the challenges of the global market.
IV. A DIFFERENT APPROACH III : SMALL-SCALE AND ALTERNATIVE MEDIA
a. The term samizdat media in the section on Soviet Russia refers to the hand circulated pamphlets, poems, essays, plays, etc…
b. Samizdat contained widely varied messages from religious to nationalists.
c. Samizdat literally means “self-published”
d. Small scale radical media have been common ion many coutries such as the USA
Tuesday, September 2, 2008
FOLLOWING THE HISTORICAL PATHS OF GLOBAL COMMUNICATION
Qaiss Aakif
Com2303
Dr. Ibahrine
Chapter 3
GLOBAL ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
I. PREMODERN WOLRD
a. The world was very different from today in the 13th century.
b. Foreign product were rare.
c. Few people had access to them.
d. Foreign product were mainly made of exotic products.
e. These products were easy to transport.
f. Everyday goods were made by local people.
II. DIVISION OF LABOR
a. The modern world is distinguished by the use of the division lf labor in the production process.
b. Instead of one groups are working together within a factory.
c. The division of labor creates interdependencies.
d. Interdependencies required coordination and control in order to keep the production going smoothly.
e. Division of labor is a devil’s bargain.
f. It increases the production via specialization, but creates many problems of coordination and control.
g. Henry Ford’s automobile factory is a good illustration of this division of labor.
III. IMPERIALISM
a. In the 13th century the world was multipolar gathering multiple center of power.
b. Decentralization trade circuit.
c. The picture change with the emergence of Portuguese and Spanish empires in the 14th and 15th centuries.
d. The western powers transformed the multipolar world into a monopole one.
e. The development of technologies in the western world gave them technologically superior weapons.
f. One of the reasons the imperial powers were interested in acquiring colonies was to gain access to raw materials for their growing industries.
g. These industries were in need of cotton, rubber, jute, indigo.
IV. ELECTRONIC IMPERIALISM
a. Global Media Flows
i. After World War II the age of imperialism came to its end as colonies were getting their independence.
ii. The center of the world moves across the Atlantic to the USA.
iii. The USA projects its power through economy and cultural means.
iv. Scholars argue that the global political structures created during the age of imperialism remain in place.
v. Even though the days of the gunboat diplomacy has gone.
vi. The USA dominates the cinema and the television screen all over the World.
vii. Some countries are more concerned about his cultural influence of films.
viii. Developing countries considerer the import of US movies as a new kind of invasion.
ix. When we look to global communication flows, it is obvious to see that they are disproportionately from the center (USA) and the peripheries (rest of the world).
b. Transborder Data Flow
i. Services changed a little because they required an intense amount if interaction between the service provider and the consumer.
ii. Modern communication and information technologies have radically changed many things.
iii. The trade in services assumes a great importance in global economy.
iv. As global division of labor has progressed, manufacturing jobs have moved overseer from the USA to developing countries.
V. EMERGING NETWORK STRUCTURES
a. The coat of programs production and transmission make television a top-down mode.
b. TVs were amenable to centralized control.
c. Emergence of new transmission systems.
d. Internet looks like a democratic medium because nobody seems to control it.
e. Nevertheless rich countries with 16 % of the world population is in possess of 97% of all Internet hosts.
f. Network investment pattern suggest that in the future we will see the emergence of regional networks and Europe and Asia.
VI. TOWARD A NEW WOLRD SYSTEM
a. There has been center and peripheries through history.
b. The specific places that played roles of center and periphery have varied over time.
c. From colonial era to World War II and after the center moved a cross the Atlantic to reach the USA.
d. Nowadays the center of global communication in mainly the USA.
Com2303
Dr. Ibahrine
Chapter 3
GLOBAL ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
I. PREMODERN WOLRD
a. The world was very different from today in the 13th century.
b. Foreign product were rare.
c. Few people had access to them.
d. Foreign product were mainly made of exotic products.
e. These products were easy to transport.
f. Everyday goods were made by local people.
II. DIVISION OF LABOR
a. The modern world is distinguished by the use of the division lf labor in the production process.
b. Instead of one groups are working together within a factory.
c. The division of labor creates interdependencies.
d. Interdependencies required coordination and control in order to keep the production going smoothly.
e. Division of labor is a devil’s bargain.
f. It increases the production via specialization, but creates many problems of coordination and control.
g. Henry Ford’s automobile factory is a good illustration of this division of labor.
III. IMPERIALISM
a. In the 13th century the world was multipolar gathering multiple center of power.
b. Decentralization trade circuit.
c. The picture change with the emergence of Portuguese and Spanish empires in the 14th and 15th centuries.
d. The western powers transformed the multipolar world into a monopole one.
e. The development of technologies in the western world gave them technologically superior weapons.
f. One of the reasons the imperial powers were interested in acquiring colonies was to gain access to raw materials for their growing industries.
g. These industries were in need of cotton, rubber, jute, indigo.
IV. ELECTRONIC IMPERIALISM
a. Global Media Flows
i. After World War II the age of imperialism came to its end as colonies were getting their independence.
ii. The center of the world moves across the Atlantic to the USA.
iii. The USA projects its power through economy and cultural means.
iv. Scholars argue that the global political structures created during the age of imperialism remain in place.
v. Even though the days of the gunboat diplomacy has gone.
vi. The USA dominates the cinema and the television screen all over the World.
vii. Some countries are more concerned about his cultural influence of films.
viii. Developing countries considerer the import of US movies as a new kind of invasion.
ix. When we look to global communication flows, it is obvious to see that they are disproportionately from the center (USA) and the peripheries (rest of the world).
b. Transborder Data Flow
i. Services changed a little because they required an intense amount if interaction between the service provider and the consumer.
ii. Modern communication and information technologies have radically changed many things.
iii. The trade in services assumes a great importance in global economy.
iv. As global division of labor has progressed, manufacturing jobs have moved overseer from the USA to developing countries.
V. EMERGING NETWORK STRUCTURES
a. The coat of programs production and transmission make television a top-down mode.
b. TVs were amenable to centralized control.
c. Emergence of new transmission systems.
d. Internet looks like a democratic medium because nobody seems to control it.
e. Nevertheless rich countries with 16 % of the world population is in possess of 97% of all Internet hosts.
f. Network investment pattern suggest that in the future we will see the emergence of regional networks and Europe and Asia.
VI. TOWARD A NEW WOLRD SYSTEM
a. There has been center and peripheries through history.
b. The specific places that played roles of center and periphery have varied over time.
c. From colonial era to World War II and after the center moved a cross the Atlantic to reach the USA.
d. Nowadays the center of global communication in mainly the USA.
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